NUTR 3090 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Adipose Tissue, Epigenetics, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
4 Jul 2018
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Definitions Overweight/Obesity
Body weight above a defined standard relative to height
Abnormally high % of body fat which increases risk of health problems & mortality
A negative social label
Current standards - normal/preferred/ideal = 18.5-25 kg/m2
Insights
Confirms the J shaped shape between BMI and all-cause mortality
Heart disease major risk
o obesity acts thru HTN & dyslipidemia
Other evidence suggests fitness and waist circumference are better predictors of mortality
oBUT, we currently lack big cohort studies that include BMI, waist circumference and
physical fitness
Increased morbidity
Greatly increased risk >>3x non-obese
oType 2 diabetes, gallbladder disease, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, breathlessness,
sleep apnea
Moderately increased risk (2-3x non-obese)
oCoronary heart disease, hypertension, osteoarthritis, gout
Slightly increased risk (1-2x non-obese)
oBreast, endometrial and colon cancer, reproductive hormone problems, polycystic ovary
syndrome, impaired fertility, low back pain, fetal defects due to maternal obesity
Child obesity
The prevalence of obesity in Canadian children has risen dramatically from the late 1970s, more
than doubling among both boys and girls.
Childhood obesity is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and other
chronic conditions in adolescence and later in life.
Excess weight in children often persists into adulthood.
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Document Summary
Body weight above a defined standard relative to height. Abnormally high % of body fat which increases risk of health problems & mortality. Confirms the j shaped shape between bmi and all-cause mortality. Heart disease major risk: obesity acts thru htn & dyslipidemia. Other evidence suggests fitness and waist circumference are better predictors of mortality: but, we currently lack big cohort studies that include bmi, waist circumference and physical fitness. Greatly increased risk >>3x non-obese: type 2 diabetes, gallbladder disease, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, breathlessness, sleep apnea. Moderately increased risk (2-3x non-obese: coronary heart disease, hypertension, osteoarthritis, gout. Slightly increased risk (1-2x non-obese: breast, endometrial and colon cancer, reproductive hormone problems, polycystic ovary syndrome, impaired fertility, low back pain, fetal defects due to maternal obesity. The prevalence of obesity in canadian children has risen dramatically from the late 1970s, more than doubling among both boys and girls.
