ARCL 140 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Mtdna Control Region, Chromosome, Reproducibility
4 Feb 2017
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Gametes are each genetically distinct from the other"s. Provides genetic diversity for natural selection to act upon. Nondisjunction - chromosome strands or pairs that are not separating correctly. You can have extra x chromosomes or extra y chromosomes. Human genome project - created to understand the human dna sequence. Relevance to human evolution - common ancestry between humans and chimpanzees around 5-7 mya. Molecular clock - used to calculate the mutation rates. Molecular clock hypothesis - rate in evolutionary change of any specific protein. The rate of molecular change is not constant. Relative lengths as opposed to actual dates. Mutation is dependent on numbers of generations in an organism not number of years. Mutation rate is different for each species. Natural selection changes in intensity - environmental factors. Proteins used to calculate the mutation rate can change in function over generations. mutations. The maximum likelihood of when the mutations occurred - calibrate them against fossil evidence.
