ARCL 140 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Uracil, Allosome, Robert Hooke
4 Feb 2017
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Document Summary
The study of gene structure and action. How traits are transmitted from one generation to the next. The basic unit of life for all organisms. Two types - prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic - old as 3. 5 billion years, single celled organisms. Eukaryotic cells - first appeared 1. 7 billion years ago, basic multi celled organisms. Organelles - the functional aspects of a cell eg. nucleus, mitochondria, etc. Somatic cells - bones cells, muscle cells, etc. Gametes - reproductive cells - ova and sperm cells - together create a zygote. Gametes transmit genetic information from both parents. Dna - a double stranded molecule discovered by james watson and francis crick. Nucleotides are made up of a phosphate, a sugar and base. A can only bind to t, and c can only bind to g. Proteins: complex 3d molecules composed of amino acids. 8 essential amino acids - have to consume them. Different combinations of bases create different amino acids.
