ADM 3351 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: United States Treasury Security, Cash Flow, Market Risk

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16 Jan 2016

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This introductory chapter will focus on the fundamental features of bond, the type of issuers, and risk faced by investors in fixed-income securities. A bond is a debt instrument requiring the issuer to repay to the lender the amount borrowed plus interest over a specified period of time. A typical ( plain vanilla ) bond issued in the united states specifies: a fixed date when the amount borrowed (the principal) is due, called the, the contractual amount of interest, which typically is paid every six maturity date. months. Assuming that the issuer does not default or redeem the issue prior to the maturity date, an investor holding this bond until the maturity date is assured of a known cash flow pattern. The u. s. bond market is divided into six sectors: u. s. treasury sector, agency sector, municipal sector, corporate sector, asset-backed securities, and mortgage sector. The treasury sector includes securities issued by the u. s. government.

Related Questions

Multiple Choice Quiz
PLS EXPLAIN ALL YOUR ANSWERS
1
If a bond's rating improves:
A) It should cause the bond's price and yield to increase, allother factors constant.
B) It should cause the bond's price and yield to decrease, allother factors constant.
C) It should cause the bond's price to increase and its yield todecrease, all other factors constant.
D) None of the above.

2
An investor earning 6% from a tax-exempt bond, who is in a 25% taxbracket, holding risk constant:
A) Would be indifferent to a taxable bond with a 7.5% yield.
B) Would be indifferent to a taxable bond with a 8.0% yield.
C) Would be indifferent to a taxable bond with a 4.5% yield.
D) None of the above.

3
When the yield curve is downward sloping:
A) People are expecting an economic slowdown.
B) Short term yields are lower than long term yields.
C) This is impossible, since the yield curve always slopesupward.
D) People could be expecting a loosening in monetary policy.

4
Assume the Expectation Hypothesis regarding the term structure ofinterest rates. If the current one-year interest rate is 4% and thecurrent two-year interest rate is 6%, then:
A) Investors are expecting the future one-year rate to be 4%.
B) Investors are expecting the future one-year rate to be 8%.
C) Investors are expecting the future one-year rate to be 6%.
D) None of the above.

5
Which of the following statements is(are) true?
A) Conforming mortgages are mortgages for which the borrowers donot meet standards of creditworthiness.
B) Subprime mortgages are often made to individuals with low creditscores or income levels that are relatively low when compared tothe price of the home.
C) Subprime mortgages are never used in mortgage backed securitiesbecause of their riskiness.
D) All of the above.

6
Assume an investor has a choice of 3 consecutive one-year bonds orone 3-year bond. Assuming the Expectations Hypothesis of the termstructure of interest rates:
A) The average interest rate of the three consecutive one-yearbonds should be less than the 3-year bond to reflect the riskpremium.
B) The interest rate of the 3-year bond should equal the averageinterest rate of the 3 one-year bonds.
C) The three consecutive one-year bonds must have the same interestrate.
D) The current one-year interest rate must equal the current 3-yearinterest rate.

7
We would expect the risk spread between Baa bonds and U.S. Treasurysecurities of the same maturities to:
A) Widen during periods of economic recession.
B) To remain relatively constant over the business cycle.
C) To decrease during economic slowdowns.
D) To increase during economic growth periods.

8
Increased borrowing by the U.S. Treasury to finance growing budgetdeficits will:
A) Result in U.S. Treasury yields being higher than high gradecorporate bonds.
B) Result in the price of U.S. Treasury bonds rising.
C) Cause the yield on U.S. Treasury bonds to increase, but still belower than corporate bonds.
D) Result in lower yields on corporate bonds.

9
Imagine a scandal that finds the officers of bond rating agencieshave been taking bribes to inflate the rating of specific bonds.This should:
A) Have no impact on the bond market since bond markets are highlyefficient.
B) Decrease the demand for all bonds.
C) Increase the demand for U.S. Treasury securities and decreasethe demand for corporate bonds.
D) Decrease the risk spread.

10
A proposed increase in the federal income tax rates may actually beviewed favorably by many mayors of cities because:
A) It will allow them to also raise their tax rates.
B) It will cause the demand for Municipal bonds to increase andtheir yields to increase.
C) People will pay less attention to local taxes.
D) It will cause the price of municipal bonds to increase and theiryields to decrease.

11
Bonds rated as "highly speculative":
A) Are rated so because they guarantee high returns for thebuyer.
B) Are commonly referred to as junk bonds.
C) Are ranked just below investment grade by Standard &Poor's.
D) Are rated so because they do not have any default risk.

12
Ratings problems contributed to the financial crisis of 2007-2009because:
A) Ratings agencies sharply downgraded the ratings of MBS ashousing prices declined, reinforcing the decline in the prices ofMBS.
B) MBS issuers consulted ratings agencies to structure MBS to getthe highest ratings, causing a conflict of interest.
C) Ratings agencies were compensated by the issuers of the MBS,causing the incentive for favorable ratings.
D) All of the above.

13
An investor in a 30% marginal tax bracket, earning $10 in interestannually for a $100 U.S. Treasury bond:
A) Earns a 10% after-tax return because interest on U.S. Treasurybonds is tax exempt at the federal level.
B) Earns a 3% return after-tax.
C) Would be indifferent between this bond and a municipal bondoffering $7 annually per $100 of face value, assuming the samedefault risk.
D) Earns a 1% return after-tax.

14
Commercial paper refers to:
A) The financial publications read by the CEO's of publiccorporations.
B) Any debt security with a maturity exceeding one year.
C) Short-term collateralized securities issued only bycorporations.
D) Unsecured short-term debt issued by corporations andgovernments.

15
The addition of the Liquidity Premium Theory to the ExpectationsHypothesis allows us to explain why:
A) Yield curves usually slope upward.
B) Interest rates on bonds of different maturities movetogether.
C) Long-term interest rates are less volatile than short terminterest rates.
D) Yield curves are flat.

Question 5

The coefficient of variation is a better measure of risk than the standard deviation if the expected returns of the securities being compared differ significantly.

True

False

Question 6.

In portfolio analysis, we often use ex post (historical) returns and standard deviations, despite the fact that we are interested in ex ante (future) data.

True

False

Question 7

Typically, debentures have higher interest rates than mortgage bonds primarily because the mortgage bonds are backed by assets while debentures are unsecured.

True

False

Question 8

If two firms have the same current dividend and the same expected growth rate, their stocks must sell at the same current price or else the market will not be in equilibrium.

True

False

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Question 9

Which of the following is the best measure of the wealth of a firm's stockholders?

The firm's Net Income during the past year

Expected Earnings per Share during the coming year

Book Value (or Net Worth) as recorded on the balance sheet

The price of the firm's stock on the open market

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Question 10

Consider the following firms:

	Net Income	Stock Price at	Stock Price at
	this year	Beg of Year	End of Year
Firm A:	$10,000,000	$20	$10
Firm B:	$(10,000,000)	$10	$20

The manager of Firm A is doing a better job than B

The manager of Firm B is doing a better job than A

Neither manager is doing a good job

Both managers are doing a good job

Question 11

A company has the following income statement. What is its net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)?

Sales $1,000
Costs 700
Depreciation 100
EBIT $ 200
Interest expense 50
EBT $ 150
Taxes (40%) 60
Net income $ 90

Question 12

Carter Corporation has some money to invest, and its treasurer is choosing between City of Chicago municipal bonds and U.S. Treasury bonds. Both have the same maturity, and they are equally risky and liquid. If Treasury bonds yield 6 percent, and Carter's marginal income tax rate is 40 percent, what yield on the Chicago municipal bonds would make Carter's treasurer indifferent between the two?

Question 13

If a firm's current ratio is less than 1.0, it indicates that:

The firm had negative net income for the year

The firm will be unable to pay its shortterm loans which come due this year

Current Assets are less than Current Liabilities

The firm is insolvent

Question 14

A firm which has a relatively large amount of cash and receivables in its current assets accounts and a relatively small amount of current liabilities would be considered:

Question 15

In November 2011 you bought 100 shares of Microsoft stock for $35.375 a share. In November 2013 you sold your stock for $92.5625 a share. What was your average annual rate of return on your Microsoft investment? (disregard dividends and commissions)

Question 16

You deposit $2,000 in a savings account that pays 10 percent interest, compounded annually. How much will your account be worth in 15 years?

Question 17

You can earn 8 percent interest, compounded annually. How much must you deposit today to withdraw $10,000 in 6 years?

Question 18

Calculate the required rate of return for Mercury, Inc., assuming that the real rate of interest is 3 percent, investors expect a 5 percent rate of inflation in the future, and they expect the rate of return on the overall stock market to be 13 percent. Mercury has a beta of 2.0.

Question 19

Which is the best measure of risk for an asset held in isolation? Which is the best measure for an asset held in a diversified portfolio?

Variance; correlation coefficient

Standard deviation; correlation coefficient

Beta; variance

Coefficient of variation; beta

Beta; beta

Question 20

You have three stocks in your portfolio. $10,000 is invested in a stock with a beta of 1.50 and $15,000 is invested in a stock with a beta of 1.00, and $25,000 is invested in a stock with a beta of 0.50. What is the beta of your portfolio?

Question 21

A corporate bond with a $1,000 face value pays a $50 coupon every six months. The bond will mature in ten years, and has a nominal yield to maturity of 9 percent. What is the price of the bond?

Question 22

The Jones Company has decided to undertake a large project. Consequently, there is a need for additional funds. The financial manager plans to issue preferred stock with a perpetual annual dividend of $5 per share and a par value of $30. If the required return on this stock is currently 20 percent, what should be the stock's market value?

Question 23

A share of common stock has just paid a dividend of $2.00. If the expected long-run growth rate for this stock is 15 percent, and if investors require a 19 percent rate of return, what is the price of the stock?

Question 24

A stock is not expected to pay a dividend over the next four years. Five years from now, the company anticipates that it will establish a dividend of $1.00 per share (i.e., D5 = $1.00). Once the dividend is established, the market expects that the dividend will grow at a constant rate of 5 percent per year forever. The risk-free rate is 5 percent, the company's beta is 1.2, and the market risk premium is 5 percent. The required rate of return on the companyâs stock is expected to remain constant. What is the current stock price?

ADM 3351 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: United States Treasury Security, Cash Flow, Market Risk

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