CRM 1300 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Social Contract, Due Process, Social Learning Theory
11 Dec 2017
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Week 4: crime explanations come from historical context and social/political/intellectual stance of the day, all theories have statements of nature of human agency/social structure. Tempation, possession: crime as sin; effect of evil external forces becoming internalized (no social/structural influence, witchcraft: troublesome, economically independent women, punishment by authorities with divine capacity to restore order (mystical knowledge) Enlightment/modernity rise: classic school (beccaria): crime as product of rational behavior, no evidence, you"re (cid:272)ray(cid:272)ray or the la(cid:449) (cid:272)ray(cid:272)ray, crime no longer between you + god, but you + state, social contract between states and society. Specific criminal codes: curtailment of judicial discretion (increasing governmental authority in setting rules, due process safeguard: some rights must be upgraded for people. Statistical school: adolphne quetelet, explore structure of european societies thru statistical analysis, society crime rates stay constant thru society change, must change multiple factors, opposite of social contract theory, not keeping up with popular evolutionary theory.
