NSG 3123 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Sociocultural Evolution, Industrial Revolution, Social Change
7 Dec 2020
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Document Summary
Society includes people who interact in a defined territory and share culture. Technology has the most impact on a society. Weber: the power of ideas shapes society. Durkheim: how traditional and modern societies hang (function) together. Technology (gerhard and lenski): theory is sociocultural evolution changes that occur as a society gains new technology. A major cause was the industrial revolution and its impacts. Hunter gatherer horticultural/pastoral agrarian industrial revolution post- industrial revolution. Hunter/gatherer: men use simple tools to hunt animals and women gather vegetation. Horticultural and pastoral societies: emerged about 10-12000 years ago as people began to use hand tools to raise crops. This caused a shift to raising animals for food instead of hunting them. Able to produce more food, so populations able to expand. Agrarian societies: developed about 5000 years ago as the use of the plough harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources enabled large-scale cultivation. Shows even greater specialization with dozens of distinct occupations.
