PHI 1101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: The Control Group, Childrens Hospital, Bone Density
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PHI 1101 Full Course Notes
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A causal claim is an assertion about the cause of something. A causal argument justifies, or supports, such a claim: method of agreement. If two or more occurrences of some phenomenon have only one relevant factor in common, that factor is likely the cause. The method of agreement involves comparing situations in which the same kind of event occurs. If the presence of a certain factor is the only respect in which the situations are the same (that is, agree), then this factor may be identified as the cause of the event. Imagine three people in your residence all feel sick one night. All ate at different restaurants; hung out with different people; worked out at different gyms . but all took sips from one bottle of water. If that water-bottle is the one factor they all have in common . the(cid:374) it(cid:859)s (cid:396)easo(cid:374)a(cid:271)le to (cid:272)o(cid:374)(cid:272)lude that that (cid:449)ate(cid:396)-bottle was likely the cause of their illness.