BIO153H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Euglenozoa, Plasmodium, Ciliate
Document Summary
The eukaryotic cell is extremely complex relative to the prokaryotic cell: membrane bound organelles endoplasmic reticulum cytoskeleton often does not have a cell wall nucleus; dna in chromosomes complex flagellum sex common. How did eukaryotes arise? from prokaryotic cells loss of cell wall; infolding of cell membrane to increase sa vesicles; some studded with ribosomes infolding enclosed a nucleus; cytoskeleton developed some acquired a flagellum for locomotion. The loss of the prokaryotic cell wall & infolding of cell membrane (enclosing nucleus er, golgi apparatus, lysosomes) was a critical step the infolding of the cell membrane creates a large area for biochemical reactions to occur. The evolution of mitochondria: likely occurred through the endosymbiosis of a bacterium performing respiration by an anaerobic eukaryote. The advantage: a higher yield of atp (respiration yields more atp than fermentation, the process occurring in anaerobic organisms)
