BIOA02H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Metapopulation, Endemism, Insular Biogeography

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8 Apr 2018

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BIOA02H3 Full Course Notes

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Unit 4: global ecology & the anthropocene, part 5. Global biodiversity patterns: species diversity increases as move from poles to tropics (latitudinal gradient, island species diversity determined by island"s size and remoteness (island biogeography theory) Distribution of species on islands is related to balance between colonization & extinction. Theory later expanded to include mainland meta-population theory (fragmented habitats on mainland act like islands) # of species present on an island determined by # immigrating from mainland or other islands & # going extinct. Empty islands have higher colonization rates because have more available niches (so also a function of island"s age) Island biogeography theory explains species diversity on islands. Number of species function of island size and distance from nearest mainland. Intersection of immigration & extinction curves = # species. Rescue effect: # of individuals of the same species that are able to recolonize after extirpation on an island (function of distance from mainland/other islands that can act as sources)

Related Questions

Are my answers to the following correct?

True, False, True, C and A,B,D

1. Species accumuation are used to estimate local, or alpha,diversity.

2. The shape of a species accumulation curve depends, in part,on the order in which sampes are processed.

3. Species accumulation curves are not needed when a completecensus is available.

4. Which of the following statements about beta deiversity isFALSE?

a. Beta diversity measures how quickly species compositionchanges across the landscape

b. There are a variety of different ways researchers havemeasured beta diversity

c. Relatively flat, homogeneous habitats tend to have higherbeta diversity

d. Beta diversity changes depending on the scale at which youmeasure it

5. Paul Ehrlich and E.O. Wilson offered a number of reasons toprotect biodiversity. What were they?

a. Earth cannot "survive" antoher mass extinction event

b. People have an aesthetic and moral obligation to protectEarth's species

c. Earth's biodiversity may provide us with important newresources in the future

d. Loss of biodiversity may reduce ecosystem services that wouldbe difficult to replace

False, False, True, True, Sahara dessert, Secular migration andSweetstakes route

6. Immigration rates decline as the size of an islandincrease.

7. Extinction rates decline as the number of species on anisland increases.

8. Extinction rates increase as the size of an islanddecreases.

9. All else being equal, turnover rates are higher on smallislands than on large ones.

10. When we think of islands, we often think of them as landmasses surrounded by water. Ecologists have suggested a muchbroader definition of an island. Which of the following would NOTbe viewed as an island by an ecologist?

a. Mountain top habitats

b. Urban parks

c. Caves

d. Sahara desert

11. Horses originated in North America and then migrates to Asiaand Europe. As they migrates, they evolved over many generationsinto the horse species we see today. This is an example of whichmigration type?

a. Diffusion

b. Jump dispersal

c. Secular migration

12. Horses went extinct in North American and did not returnuntil they were ferried in boats by European settlers (no landmammal can swim on its own across an ocean). From a horse'sperspective, the ocean barrier is best described as...?

a. Corridor

b. Filter

c. Sweepstakes route

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BIOA02H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Metapopulation, Endemism, Insular Biogeography

BIOA02H3 Full Course Notes

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