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BIOB12H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Lac Operon, Lac Repressor, Regulatory Sequence

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School
UTSC
Department
Biological Sciences
Course
BIOB12H3
Professor
damanbawa

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Document Summary

Recognize the type of mutation present based on the induction of. Galactosidase: to understand the use of colorimetric substrates in enzyme assays. Laboratory 7a: induction of the lac operon in wild type and mutant strains of: coli. Laboratory 7b: lac operon: interpretation of lab 7a data and design experiment to test regulation of lac operon. Laboratory 8b: data analysis of group experiment and restriction mapping assignment. Transcription involves trans-acting factors (e. g. rna polymerase and other factors) moving to and interacting with specific dna regulatory sequences (cis-acting sequences) to alter gene expression. There are a wide variety of sequence-specific dna binding proteins (transcription factors) that coordinate transcription of specific genes or sets of genes needed by the cell or organism to respond to stimuli. Usually, the regulatory dna sequences lie upstream" from the gene in the region called the promoter. More than one transcription factor usually acts together to control the expression of a gene.

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Related Questions

True or False????? HELP

1. In the field of epidemiology, increased prevalence of a disease in a population is the universal signal that disease control and treatment are not effective.

2. Cytoplasmic membranes of prokaryotes typically contain more proteins than cytoplasmic membranes of eukaryotes microorganisms.
3. Sanger (or dideoxy) DNA sequencing produces relatively short DNA sequence data, but is by far the least expensive DNA sequencing method currently available.
4. The (italicizes) abbreviation lac Z refers explicitly to the beta galactosidase protein/ enzyme.
5. Archaeal pathogens have been linked to some of the most virulent infectious diseases. 6. A bacterial mutant that is unable to make an amino acid required for growth (relative to its wild-type strain is termed an auxotroph.
7. When counting plaques to enumerate phage particles (as in the BIOL2026 Laboratory), the plaque represents lacK, not presence, of bacterial growth.
8. Because of competition with plant roots for nutrients, microbial numbers in the rhizosphere are typically much lower than in surrounding bulk soil.
9. Chemolithoautotrophy is the strategy that facilitates the existence of biological communities deep beneath the earth’s surface and near hydrothermal vents.

10. In a primary treatment (1 °) system of a municipal sewage/ wastewater treatment plant, the main goal is to remove ammonium (NH4+) using specific bacterial enrichment cultures.
11. The small intestine in human is the main site of microbial breakdown of partially digested food.
12. Root nodules of legumes contain nitrogen fixing bacteria.
13. Anoxygenic photosynthesis involves using/ removing electrons from H2O.
14. Algae and Cyanobacteria utilize generally the same two-photosystem biochemical mechanisms in the light- reaction of photosynthesis.
15. In bacteria, the only known reason proton motive force is generated is to power ATP synthase in cellular respiration/ oxidative phosphorylation.
16. Anaerobic respiration is only carried out by prokaryotes, however fermentation can be carried out by both prokaryote and eukaryal microorganism.

17. The general structure and biochemical “motors” of flagella are similar between Bacteria and eukaryotic cells, but fundamentally different in the Archaea.
18. Antibiotic resistance genes appeared in microbes (for the first time ever) only after human .. producing and releasing massive amounts of antibiotics to the environment.
19. Experiment by Esther Lederberg, and then later by Luria and Delbruck (that won them a Nobel prize), illustrated that genetic mutations in bacteria arose in the absence of selective pressures, rather than in response to selection.
20. Quaternary sensing is a mechanism used by bacteria to sense other bacteria and regulate gene expression accordingly (e.g. In the case of expressing the liac operon or initiating EPS production in biofilms).