CHMB62H3 Lecture Notes - Asymmetric Carbon, Furanose, Pyranose
Document Summary
Monosaccarides are aldehydes or keetones that have two or more hydroxyl groups. Constitutional isomers- identical molecular formulas but differ in how the atoms are ordered. Sterioisomers- differ in spatial arrangment (3d space) Diasteroismers- isomers that are not mirror images. Epimers- differ at one of the several asymmetric carbon atomes. Anomers- isomers that differ at a new asmmetric carbon atom formed on ring closure. Chemical basis for ring formation is that an aldehyde can react with an alcohol ro form a hemiacetal. A six membered ring is called pyranose. A ketone can react with an alcohol to for a hemiketal. A five membered ring is called a furanose. Means that the hydroxyl group attached to c-1 is below the plan of the ring and meand tht it is above sugars that. Sugars that react are called reducing sugars and those that do no are called nonreducing sugars. Monosaccarides are joined to alcohols and amines through glycosidic bonds to fome oligosaccharides.
