PSYB04H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Latin Square, Repeated Measures Design, Confounding
Document Summary
Three things needed to establish causality: temporal order must be correct: cause has to come before effect, variables have to covary, no other variable is causing the outcome, an experiment is the only way to establish causality. What is an experiment: not (cid:862)tr(cid:455)i(cid:374)g so(cid:373)ethi(cid:374)g out(cid:863) to see what will happen, research design in which a variable is manipulated and the effect on another variable is measured. Iv is manipulated (deliberately varied) and dv is measured: all other variables are controlled: holding constant and randomizing effects or matching participants. How experiments allow you to do establish causality: temporal order: iv is presented first, dv is measured after that, no other variable is causing outcome. Only thing that varies over conditions/groups is the iv. Independent variable: differi(cid:374)g (cid:448)alues of the iv are (cid:272)alled (cid:862)le(cid:448)els(cid:863) or (cid:862)(cid:272)o(cid:374)ditio(cid:374)s(cid:863) 60 min running on treadmill: qualitatively.
