GGR100H1 Lecture Notes - Demographic Transition, Free Trade, Agricultural Economics

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purplezebra711

3 Oct 2012

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North america is an outlet of europe and the transfer of technology is fairly simple. But you don"t see the same level of transfer taking place in other countries in the world in the developing world. The cost of technology is fairly high especially for developing countries. Free trade is not the same as fair trade; focused more on opening markets than allowing the markets to compete in a fair way- fair trade limits the developing countries economic development. Declining birth and death rates but nothing happening after that. Negative aspects: environment issues: with economic development, there is an increase in consumption [fewer people but greater levels of consumption]. We measure our success in our consumption [houses, cars, tv"s, etc: fewer people, but more strain on the resources, there isn"t an end in this model. Boserup: agricultural economist in the 20th century in north america; post.

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1) For molecule H81Br, solve the following based on the information listen below.<br /><div>- Bond Length=141.4pm & IR absorption (change v = +-1) = 2689</div><div> </div><div>a) Using the wavefunction for the Harmonic Oscillator model, determine if a transition of delta v = +-3 is allowed using the transition of v=0 to v=0. Which tansition dopole moment is larger v=1 or v=3? What would this imply for theabsorptivity of these transitions? Support your answer.</div><div> </div><div>b) What are the turning points for H81Br for this molecule in the v=1 energy state?</div><div> </div><div>c) What is the probability of finding the moledule within these turning points?</div><div> </div><div>d) How much will the observed spectrum change if you were to substitute h79Br into the spectrometer?</div><div> </div><div>e) If the delta v = 2 peak for H81Br is observed at 5290 1/cm, determine the anharmonicity (X) and the dissociation energy (De) for H81Br.<br /></div><div> </div><div> </div>

The emergence of line spectra from a gas when a current passesthrough it was an observed phenomenon waiting for an explanation inthe early 20th century. The atomic line spectra coming fromelements such as hydrogen had been analyzed since the late 19thcentury. By studying the wavelength of the emerging radiation ofhydrogen, experimenters found (often by trial and error) that thewavelengths in those spectra were described by the formula

\frac{1}{\lambda} = R \left( \frac{1}{n_1^2} - \frac{1}{n_2^2}\right),
where R is known as the Rydberg constant. It has a value of R =1.097 \times 10^{7}\; \rm m^{-1}. The variables n_1 and n_2 areinteger numbers (n_1 = 1,2,3,4,\dots). As experiments continued,scientists began to see more and more characteristic lines emergingfrom the hydrogen spectrum. Each of them corresponded to awavelength predicted by this formula with some integer values forn_1 and n_2.

In 1913, Niels Bohr provided an explanation for the observationsmade in experiments by proposing that each electron in an atom hadonly certain allowable energy levels. Furthermore, he postulatedthat when an electron changed its energy level, it must emit orabsorb a single photon with the energy equal to the energydifference between the two levels.

With this interpretation, the variables n_1 and n_2 acquired newsignificance. Bohr's model predicted that n_2 was the initialenergy state of the atom (n_initial) and that n_1 was the finalstate of the atom (n_final). A photon with the predicted wavelengthwas created when an atom made a transition from its initial energystate to a lower final energy state. The equation now read

\frac{1}{\lambda} = R \left( \frac{1}{n_{\rm final}^2} -\frac{1}{n_{\rm initial}^2} \right).
Bohr's model also predicted that a photon of the appropriatewavelength (given by the same formula) could promote an atom from alower energy level to a higher one.

In this problem, we explore the photon characteristics necessaryfor transitions between energy levels in hydrogen and singlyionized {\rm He}^+, whose energy levels are accurately predicted bythe Bohr model.
What is the change in energy DeltaE of the hydrogen atom as theelectron makes the transition from the n=3 energy level to the n=1energy level?
Express your answer numerically in electron volts.

b. When an atom makes a transition from a higher energy level to alower one, a photon is released. What is the wavelength of thephoton that is emitted from the atom during the transition from n=3to n=1?
Express your answer numerically in angstroms.

c.

When the hydrogen atom makes the transition from the n=2 to the n=1energy level, it emits a photon. This photon can be absorbed by toa singly ionized helium atom ({\rm He}^+) in its second energylevel (n_{\rm initial} = 2), causing it to move to a higher energylevel. To what final energy level number n_final can the photonpromote the helium ion?

Note that {\rm He}^+ has two protons in its nucleus and a singleelectron.
Express your answer as an integer.

Please answer fully, Thank you
a.

A sample of gas undergoes a transition from an initial state a to a final state b by three different paths (processes), as shown in the p-V diagram in Fig. 18-56, where Vb = 7Vi. The energy transferred to the gas as heat in process 1 is 11piVi. In terms of piVi, what are (a) the energy transferred to the gas as heat in process 2 and (b) the change in internal energy that the gas undergoes in process 3?

GGR100H1 Lecture Notes - Demographic Transition, Free Trade, Agricultural Economics

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