PHC320H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Laminar Flow Cabinet, Boiling-Point Elevation, Osmotic Pressure
24 Mar 2015
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Document Summary
Microorganisms are a problem in pharmaceutical solutions. Today, we are going to continue with the endotoxins that are polymers found in the walls of bacteria. So, even if the gram negative bacteria is destroyed, and it explodes. The lpss are still a big problem in pharmaceutical solutions. They are very small, persistent, pyrogenic and difficult to remove: . 25 endotoxin units/ml in water, so, this number is 0. 025 ng/ml which is really tiny. Some of the ways you can remove endotoxins is heating for 45 mins at 250c. Ion- exchange chromatography is used to purify deionized water. You can also destroy polysaccharides by applying strong alkali/oxidizer. But, the most common way is the use of the ion exchange chromatography. However, the osmotic pressure will increase if there are more particles for example on the left side relative to the right side. Paratonic solution can cause osmotic toxicity: i. e.
