Biology 1001A Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Neofunctionalization, Lux, Polyadenylation
5 Mar 2014
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Document Summary
Molecular evolution can occur as a result of the following - Mutations; most are deleterious and neutral, however some can be advantageous. Duplication; enhancement of genes (has three fates listed below) All of these changes must affect the phenotype, otherwise nothing will really happen in terms of evolutionary processes as selection acts on the phenotype. Strategies for determining if features are homologous - A conclusion that two or more genes are homologous is a conjecture; decisions are based on numerical and correlated with probability. The higher the similarity between two sequences, the lower the probability that they originated independently of each other and became similar just by chance. Homology most likely if the two protein sequences are extremely high in similarity; nucleotide sequence will probably differ. High global similarity (as done by clustal) likely means homology. Sequences detected by annotation programs to detect open reading frames (orf) - Genome annotation: attach biological meaning to sequence.
