Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Electrochemical Gradient, Electron Acceptor, Atp Synthase

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maroonskunk233

19 Mar 2016

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Lecture 10: evolution of eukaryotes 02/07/16: factors driving development of aerobic cells. Life appeared about 4 billion years ago (bya) when no o2 was around. Important because they (cyanobacteria) can do oxygenic photosynthesis. This causes o2 to start accumulating in the atmosphere to about 21% of where it is today. The by-product of oxygen, an excellent terminal electron acceptor, leads to the development of bacteria that undergo cellular respiration. Advantage being an aerobic cell vs anaerobic cell because much more energy is produced in the form of atp. The fundamental part of aerobic respiration is that the proton gradient can get established across the membrane. This gradient has potential energy called the proton motive force (pmf: identify the paradox for why prokaryotes are biochemical complex don"t develop morphological complexity. Paradox: if evolution is stepwise, if all evolution takes time to get the right combination of mutations to lead to something that gives an organism a selective advantage.

Related Questions

Phototrophs need an electron source like H₂S orH₂O. Where do the electrons from these sources go?(Assume the organism is growing autotrophically as well astophototrophically.)

	O₂ and CO₂
	O₂ only
	CO₂ only
	Sulfate or oxygen
	Inorganic various molecules, depending on cellular needs.

Which of the following statements about chlorophyll istrue?

	It is a good electron acceptor in its oxidized form.
	It is a good electron donor in its reduced form when energizedby light.
	It contains magnesium.
	It is a tetrapyrrole.
	All of the above

The unifying feature of all photosynthetic organisms isa(n)

	electron transfer chain.
	electron donating system to generate NADPH.
	ATP-generating system.
	light-gathering system.
	All of the above

Evidence suggests that banded iron formations are due to

	chemical oxidation of reduced iron, Fe²⁺.
	aerobic reduction of insoluble ferric iron, Fe(OH)₃.
	anaerobic oxidation of soluble ferrous iron,Fe²⁺.
	Both a and b
	Both a and c

In addition to their ability to harvest light in the 400 to 500nm range, carotenoids also

	eject electrons from the reaction center.
	function as a tetrapyrrole.
	intercept toxic single-state oxygen.
	transfer electrons to ubiquinone.
	raise electrons to a higher energy state.

Ribosomal RNA and other cell features affirm that living cellsshould be divided into three groups called domains.

	True
	False

Microbes have started to evolve recently.

	True
	False

The ________ was essential for the evolution of oxygenicphotosynthesis.

	evolution of cyanobacteria
	development of photosystem I
	ability to extract electrons from CO₂
	ability to extract electrons from H₂O
	ability to use oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor

What do oxygenic phototrophs use as an electron source?

	Oxygen
	Sulfide
	Water
	Organic compounds
	CO₂

10.

Three domains of organisms have been established basedprimarily on size and other structural features of the cells.

	True
	False

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Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Electrochemical Gradient, Electron Acceptor, Atp Synthase

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