Biology 1201A Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Growth Factor, Sarcoma, Mitogen
2 Oct 2016
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Oncogenes: proto-oncogenes code for proteins that normally direct cell growth and differentiation. 3 possibilities: (1) deletion or point-mutation (in coding sequence of gene itself or of regulatory region) - Src stands for sarcoma, cancer of connective tissue cells. phosphorylates specific tyr residues: ras - codes for small gtpase, activated by growth factor signaling, like an on-off switch. Can see examples of these in thyroid tumors, some leukemias, etc: myc - codes for transcription factor that induces cell proliferation, rtk - receptor tyrosine kinase. Adds phosphate groups to other proteins to turn them on or off. Can cause cancer by turning receptor permanently on (ex: vegf, epidermal growth factor, pdgf: ctk - mediate responses to activation to receptors of cell division, differentiation. In mutation only one of the alleles yields cancerous phenotype. It activates dna repair protein when dna has sustained damage. It can also arrest growth by holding cell cycle hostage at.
