Log in
HomeClass Notes1,200,000CA670,000

Biology 1202B Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Thermodynamics, Endergonic Reaction, Hydrolysis

39 views4 pages
carminewombat868
29 Jan 2019
School
Western University
Department
Biology
Course
Biology 1202B
Professor
Nikki Sharan

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Every molecule uses and follows the same laws. Energy: the capacity of a physical system to do work. All our molecules do work because they have energy. Thermodynamics: the study of energy and its transformations. Every time energy is used in our cells, it"s because it"s transformed from one form to another. Energy can not be created or destroyed - that"s the rst law of thermodynamics. Energy can be lost/released as heat, sound and mechanical. Molecules move from a concentration of high to low on their own due to entropy. Entropy is the ticking clock of the universe, it can never be lowered/reversed (n regards to the entropy of the universe) it always rises. The second law of thermodynamics can never be overturned: second law: entropy of a system and it"s surroundings will increase - energy will always become more spread out when left alone. Molecules have a natural tendency to break down or spread out.

Get access

Grade+
$40 USD/m
Billed monthly
Grade+
Homework Help
Study Guides
Textbook Solutions
Class Notes
Textbook Notes
Booster Class
10 Verified Answers
Class+
$30 USD/m
Billed monthly
Class+
Homework Help
Study Guides
Textbook Solutions
Class Notes
Textbook Notes
Booster Class
7 Verified Answers

Related Documents

Biology 1202B Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Chemical Energy, Kinetic Energy, Electromagnetic Radiation
greencrab707
Biology 1202B Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Chemical Energy, Gibbs Free Energy, Electromagnetic Radiation
mauvefish364
Biology 1202B Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Atp Hydrolysis, Exergonic Reaction, Endergonic Reaction
periwinklesheep230

Related Questions

As entropy increases there will be more useful energy to do‘work’. True or false?

False. As entropy increases, there will generally be less usefulenergy to do work. We can think of entropy as usually being presentin the form of heat energy. Imagine a car motor, which attempts toturn chemical potential energy into kinetic energy (movement). Lessefficient motors will get hotter for the same amount of fuelconsumed. When you drive a car you hope that most of the fuelenergy is converted into kinetic energy and not lost as heat(entropy). The hotter the car (and thus the more entropy) the lessefficient the ability to do ‘work’ (the moving of the vehicle).
True. As entropy increases, there will generally be more usefulenergy to do work. We can think of entropy as usually being presentin the form of heat energy. In most biological and mechanicalsystems it is heat energy which is captured to do useful 'work'.Heat energy, the random movement of molecules, and increases inentropy are central to doing useful work.

Biological systems sometimes appear on the surface to break theSecond Law of Thermodynamics – by seemingly increasing the order inthe overall system. They don’t. Why?

a. Earth (and living things on it) are not a closed system. Thesun's constant input of energy in the form of photons is harnessedby living things to create internal order within themselves. Butwithout such a constant input of energy, most biological systems onearth would break down.
b. The Second Law tells us that no natural process can occurunless it is also associated with an increase in the entropy of theuniverse. A living organism (such as an animal or plant) brings inmatter and energy from its environment and uses this to creategreater order within its body: the processes of life. But it isimportant to keep in mind that all animals and plants are also partof a larger system of the environment around them. While creating asmall ‘pocket’ of order, the processes of life (metabolism,movement, etc..) releases heat into the environment – thusincreasing the entropy of the universe and following the2nd law.
c. Living things, by harnessing energy to create order (withinand around themselves) actually create a paradox in questionssurrounding the first and second laws of thermodynamics andseemingly violate many previously held assumptions.
d. Both a and b above are correct.

When plants capture energy in the photons of sunlight andconvert that energy into the chemical bonds of organic molecules,are they creating new energy?

No, the energy is being transferred from one form into another.But no new energy is being created.
No, the overall total energy is decreasing over time.
Yes, by capturing photons, the plants are creating newenergy.
Yes, by capturing photons, the plants are creating new energy -of a different wavelength.

......Use the following to feel out the sentense: cycled, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ATP

During ____________ , mitochondria break down carbohydrates to produce energy that is used to make ____________ .

This process requires ____________ and carbohydrates, and produces ____________ and water.

During ____________ , chloroplasts use water and ____________ to create carbohydrates.

This process requires ____________ and water, which are byproducts from ____________ .

In turn, it produces ____________ and carbohydrates that are used in ____________ .

In this manner, the flow of energy is ____________ between chloroplasts and mitochondria.

..........use the following to feel out each sentense: from, oxidized, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, gains, to, loses, reduced.

During ____________ , hydrogen atoms are transferred ____________ water ____________ carbon dioxide as glucose forms.

Thus, during ____________ , carbon dioxide is ____________ , while water is ____________ . In other words, carbon dioxide ____________ electrons and water ____________ electrons.

During ____________ , glucose is ____________ as oxygen is ____________ , becoming water.

In each of these reactions, while one molecule loses electrons (is ____________ ), another gains electrons (is ____________ ); thus, each of these metabolic pathways includes redox reactions: coupled reduction and oxidation reactions.

..........use the following to feel out the sentenses: increase, conservation of energy, first of thermodynamics, input, decrease, laws of thermodynamics, secod law of thermodynamics, heat

The ____________ explain energy flow and energy conservation and can be applied to biological systems.

The ____________ states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, also known as the law of ____________ .

The ____________ states that energy is lost when it is converted from one form to another, often in the form of ____________ .

As cells go through transformations, they ____________ the total entropy of the universe, resulting in a ____________ in available energy.

For example, photosynthesis in plants requires an energy ____________ to turn carbon dioxide and water into sugar because there is a ____________ in entropy.

Part 1: Living cells are highly ordered units, yet the universe is heading toward higher entropy. Discuss how life can maintain its order in spite of the second law of thermodynamics. Are we defying this law? Part 2: What is the advantage of using ATP as a common energy source? Another way of asking this question is, Why is ATP an advantage over using a bunch of different food molecules? For example, instead of just having a Na+/K+-ATPase in a cell, why not have a bunch of different ion pumps each driven by a different food molecule, like a Na+/K+-glucosase (a pump that uses glucose), a Na+/K+-sucrase (a pump that uses sucrose), a Na+/K+-fatty acidase (a pump that uses fatty acids), and so on?