Chemistry 2214A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Chloroform, Gibbs Free Energy, Benzene
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29 Jan 2015
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Colligative properties part 2: freezing point depression. When a solute (non-volatile) is dissolved in a solvent the freezing point of the solvent decreases. Note: when we consider two nonvolatile substances a and b at a given pressure, if the temperature is high enough, both substances will melt (become a liquid). Thus solvent and solute would have a broader meaning. Consider an ideal binary (a and b) system consisting of solid and liquid phases. If b (solid) is in equilibrium with a liquid containing both b and a (solution), the chemical potential of solid b and the chemical potential of b in the liquid must be the same. In equilibrium, chemical potential of b must be the same in all phases. Since the change in chemical potential between solid and liquid phase of b is the molar gibbs free energy of fusion, this allows for the use of the gibbs-helmholtz equation:
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