History 2134A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Pete Townshend, Ealing Art College, Lonnie Donegan
13 Dec 2016
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Department
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Professor
History 2134 – FINAL EXAM
#1: THE ROOTS OF THE BRITISH INVASION
The Beatles at JFK – Beginning of British Invasion
- February 7, 1964 – Beatles arrive to huge fan greeting in America
- Ed Sullivan Show – 73 million viewers
- British invasion – transition to harder/louder rock music
Post War England and the Roots of British Rock n Roll
- Baby boomers were born into war that largely affected them
- Both World Wars weakened British empire
- Damaged economy and industry
American Servicemen in England
- American presence in WWII – brought over music/films
- Inundated by US culture **start the expansion
Skiffle Music
- Country, folk, rock music
- Originally performed by 4 black, impoverished men
Lonnie Donegan
- Started movement that British youth embraced (brought Skiffle music to UK)
The Beatles
- Demonstrate how tensions in Britain laid itself out
- Product of postwar Britain
Beatlemania Takes Off
- Brian Epstein – manager – helps them (came from a family of money and elite)
o Connections to UK elite
o Helped Beatles promote a clean image (clean rocker persona)
The Rolling Stones
- Grittier sound than the Beatles
- Keith Richards, Mick Jagger, Charlie Watts, Brian Jones
- Sexual, rebellious (opposite of Beatles)
- Deliberately cultivated image that conformed to their grittier sound
o Reflective of their roots
The Animals
- Name came from wild performances
- Working class image
- Brought intensity to American music
- Spoke to the youth who knew hardship
The Who
- Embraced the Mod scene – influenced by Pete Townshend and Ealing British R&B scene
- Band brought innovations that transformed rock n roll to rock
Pete Townshend
- Lead guitar – at udestad The Who’s sigifiae ithout hi
- Inspired by auto destructive art from Ealing Art College (destroying instruments)
find more resources at oneclass.com
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o Gave him ideas to destroy his guitar
Mods and Rockers
- Mods → fashion → Modernist
o Suits, bomber jackets, scooters
#2: MOTOWN, SOUL AND RACE IN AMERICA
Race in America
- African-Americans still marginalized in American society at mid-point of 20th century
- Result of unresolved issues stemming from legacy of slavery
Sam Cooke – Fall 1963
- Treeport Louisiana Hotel – said no vacancy – when he had even made a reservation
- He left, causing a scene – police were outside waiting for him
- Music through being a second class citizen:
o Motown
o Soul Music
Civil War
- Sparked reconstruction of South
- Therefore, there was a Northern military presence
- Use of legal measures to keep blacks out of the political realm
Jim Crow Law
- Legal segregation
o Allowed white supremacy to flourish
- Society based around white supremacy = overt in the south
- SUBURBIA – white, middle class
Berry Gordy
- Where Motown emerged *Detroit* - exclusively African American phenomenon
- Music Gordy produced = wide appeal – palatable to white audience
- Influenced by Booker T Washington (black reformer and activist)
o Most important for blacks to be self reliant than try to undermine white America
“okey Roiso The Mirales
- Wrote and produced songs for many groups
- Studio: Hitsville USA
The Supremes
- God’s ad Moto’s ost suessful at – 1963
- Three teenage girls
- Produced a string of Motown hits
The Temptations
- Male counterpart to the Supremes
- 1964 – 1972: 8 top 40 hits
Soul Music
- Black generated – owned by white labels and integrated bands
- Became a unifying force for African American community
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Ray Charles
- Blind – from Georgia
- Deemed a child prodigy (composition, arrangement, performance, variety, unique sound)
- Best talent – a vocalist
Sam Cooke
- Legendary voice control
- Began with Gospel music with the Soul Sisters
- Broke into soul music
o Fear of trouble from gospel crowd
o Gospel never accepted him back
- Music adopted by black community as a representation of struggle for black pride/racial
consciousness
Booker T and the MGs
- Pianist
- Epitome of soul sound
Stax
- Brother/sister team (Stewart and Axton)
- White controlled company
Otis Redding
- Essentially became Stax Records
- I Ca’t Tu You Loose
- Best ko fo “itti’ o the Dok of the Ba
Aretha Franklin – Lady “oul
- Grew up on gospel
- Discovered by the late 1960s by Atlantic Records
- 1967 – I ee loed a a the a I loed ou
o Beginning of uninterrupted string of success
- RESPECT – made by Otis Redding
Civil Rights Movement
- Highpoint in mid 1960s
- Civil Rights Act Passed – 1964
o Prohibition of segregation
- Voting Rights Act – 1965
o Federal officials in control
- Significant Legal Milestones
James Brown
- Godfather of soul
- Gospel roots
- Vocal/dancing performance (MJ inspired by his moves)
- “a it Loud, I’ Blak ad I’ Poud
o Spokesperson for concerns of African Americans
Back to Motown
- The Teptatios
o First person accounts of black urban experience
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The beatles at jfk beginning of british invasion. February 7, 1964 beatles arrive to huge fan greeting in america. British invasion transition to harder/louder rock music. Post war england and the roots of british rock n roll. Baby boomers were born into war that largely affected them. American presence in wwii brought over music/films. Originally performed by 4 black, impoverished men. Started movement that british youth embraced (brought skiffle music to uk) Demonstrate how tensions in britain laid itself out. Brian epstein manager helps them (came from a family of money and elite: connections to uk elite, helped beatles promote a clean image (clean rocker persona) Deliberately cultivated image that conformed to their grittier sound. Keith richards, mick jagger, charlie watts, brian jones. Sexual, rebellious (opposite of beatles: reflective of their roots. Embraced the mod scene influenced by pete townshend and ealing british r&b scene. Band brought innovations that transformed rock n roll to rock.
