Medical Sciences 3999A/B/Y Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Chordae Tendineae, Calcium Channel Blocker, Ace Inhibitor
2 Mar 2020
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Document Summary
Epicardium - outer visceral layer of pericardium; serous membrane forming pericardial sac. Endocardium - inner layer lining internal surface of heart chambers (continuous with lining of blood vessels) Thicker on atrial surface than ventricular, with more elastic fibres and smooth muscles. Thin loose ct layer with fibroblasts, collagen and elastic fibres. Contains collagen, elastic fibres and bundles of smooth muscle in varying number (mainly in interventricular septum) Consists of loose ct with blood vessels, nerves and branches of conducting system. Varies in thickness in different regions (thicker near valves and great vessels) Ventricles = thick (3x thicker in rv; muscles are in 2 layers: superficial and deep) Atria and ventricle cardiac muscles separated by fibrous skeleton. Nodal - specialized for rhythmic contraction; located in: Atrial natriuretic factor (anf): released by myoendocrine cells in myocardium, in response to increased atrial wall pressure. Relaxes cardiovascular muscles by antagonizing vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, adh) and angiotensin ii.
