Pathology 2420A Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Stroke Volume, Cardiac Marker, Hypertensive Kidney Disease
9 Dec 2016
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Document Summary
Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease affecting large and medium-sized arteries: formation of atheromas (fibrofatty plaques) this narrows (stenose) the artery lumen which results in ischemia and damage/necrosis to downstream organs. The earliest pathological lesion is called a fatty streak. This can develop into the mature atherosclerotic lesion, the fibro-fatty plaque. Recruitment and migration of smooth muscle cells and fibroblast into the endothelium. Smooth muscle cell proliferation and ecm production. i. e. collagen: macrophages engulf lipid and cholesterol and derived from the blood, end result is raised plaque, with both fibrous and fatty elements, which narrows the vessel lumen. Risk is multiplied when 2 or 3 of these factors are present. Non-modifiable factors include age, gender (premenopausal women at low risk but catch up to men after), family hx, ethnicity. Other: obesity, socioeconomic status, type a personality/stress, elevated blood homocysteine level. Protective factors can be moderate alcohol consumption. Heart causing angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, sudden cardiac death.
