Pathology 2420A Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Coagulative Necrosis, Dysplasia, Cellular Adaptation
9 Dec 2016
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Document Summary
Several forms of necrosis are recognized, e. g. coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, fat and gangrenous. parenchyma - the functional elements or cells of an organ. parenchymal, adj. Physical agents trauma, radiation, excessive temperatures, changes in pressure. Chemical agents air pollutants, co, pesticides, poisons, toxins, drugs. Biological agents microorganisms (viral or bacterial infections), biological toxins. Nutritional or metabolic alterations nutrient deficiencies or excesses, ischemia or lack of adequate blood supply; hypoxia or oxygen deficiency. Genetic defects single mutations such as hemoglobin mutation in sickle cell disease chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomy 21 or down syndrome. Cellular aging loss of intrinsic repair mechanisms; repeated healing & repair following external injuries. Cell injury can range from a mild, completely reversible response to a long-term adaptive change in cell growth or to irreversible damage and cell death. The point of no return cannot be well defined.
