Psychology 1000 Lecture 9: Lecture 9
13 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Language
• Anatomy
• when you speak your moving air around and directing it to different parts of your
vocal system
• semanticity
• language is meaningful
• generatively
• ability to use finite number of words and rules to produce infinite number of
sentences
• displacement
• convey information about other times and places
• organization
• language is structured
• sentence
• the strangers left
• you can pull it apart and make it into a phrase
• the strangers
• you can break it down further into words
• the ….. strangers
• you can break those into morphemes
• strange er s
• you can break those into phonemes - how you speak the word
• phonemes
• basic units of speech
• english has 45
• morphemes
• meaningful units
• words
• good, unabridged dictionary has 250,000 to 300,000 words
• a student vocabulary after university is 150,000 words
• most anything in english can be said with a vocabulary of 850 words
• telephone conversations 96% of talk made up of 747 words
Language Learning
• result of imitation and reinforcement ? no not really
• yes children do learn that “dog” not “perro” or “chein” applies in english
• but the trick is creativity
• Mistakes in grammar are not corrected by mom and dad
• mostly facts are corrected
• ex. when a child picks ups ball and the child says “trow ball”
• mom and dad don't say thats wrong they are happy that the child spoke
• from the first moments in life infants are vocalizing
• even for deaf infants also babble and coo
• babbling has no conventional meaning but it does take on a social quality in hearing infants
• it tells us about rules of interaction
• the baby babbles and then the parents babble back at them
• by two months of age infants show phoneme discrimination
• they can tell the difference between the phonemes that exists
• sensitivity to forgive contrasts drops as infant approaches 12 months
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