Psychology 2020A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Oxycodone, Chronic Toxicity, Dextromethorphan
22 May 2018
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May 17, 2018
Psychology 2020
How Drugs Work
Lecture 2
Chapter 2
Making the Decision to Use Drugs
- What factors contribute to the likelihood of an adolescent using drugs?
o Peer group
o Abuse (physical or emotional)
o Low self esteem
o Boredom
o Too much money
o Mental health issues
o Media
o Drugs for enhancement (cognitive or things like steroids)
o Sickness
- Risk factors for drug taking behavior in adolescence include:
o A tendency toward nonconformity within society
o The influence of drug using peers
- These are the 2 main risk factors
- Protective factors for drug taking behavior include:
o An intact home environment (parents still together and supportive)
o A positive educational experience
o Conventional peer relationships
Present Day Concerns
- Predictions regarding future drugs and drug-taking behaviors are largely founded on patterns
from the past
o What was your behavior like before?
o What did your peers in the past like to do?
- New drugs will undoubtedly come on the scene; old drugs that are out of favor might regain
popularity
o Different drugs become the popular drug
- A serious concern in recent years has been the emergence of a group of drugs referred to as club
drugs
o It was a serious concern bc of its popularity
- They include MDMA (Ecstasy), GHB, ketamine, Rohypnol, methamphetamine, and LSD.
- Relatively high prevalence rates for recreational use of prescription drugs and over-the-counter
drugs among young people have raised serious concerns
o The biggest issue today in terms of over the counter drugs is opoids
- Examples of abused drugs in these categories include prescription pain medications
such as Percocet, Vicodin, and OxyContin, fentanyl; prescription stimulant medications
such as Ritalin and Adderall; and dextromethorphan in popular over-the-counter cough-
and-cold remedies
MDMA (Ecstasy)
- People who have taken this decreases the users ability to identify the emotional expression of
others
o They are worse at identifying the –ive emotions of others especially
- People who have taken this and are asked to rate them on attractiveness, intelligence and
trustworthiness
o People are ranked higher
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May 17, 2018
- SO people not only miss –ive cues from others but they also rank people higher in +ive traits
- These people are only focused on the +ive
- The drug alters on their perception and they fail to pick up on the –ive cues and they also project
their own +ive cues onto others
Oxycontin Controversy
- Vets get 5X more pain management training than doctors
CHAPTER 2
Drug Toxicity
- A drug’s harmful effects are referred to as its toxicity.
- The quantity of a drug that is taken into the body is known as the dose, typically measured in
terms of milligrams (mg) or micrograms (ug)
- Acute toxicity
o The physical or psychological harm a drug might present to the user immediately or
soon after the drug is ingested into the body.
o Heroine
o Cocaine
o Opoids
o alcohol
- Chronic toxicity
o is the negative effects of drugs that are taken over a long period of time
o chemotherapeutic agents
o alcohol
o advil → messes up the stomach long term
o Tylenol →messes up the liver long term
o Nictotine
- Acute toxicity can be measured in terms of either a drug’s therapeutic index or its margin of
safety, each of which can be computed from its effective dose response and lethal dose-response
curves
o So when developing a drug, you need to make sure that its effective – to make sure of
this, you need to look at the effective dose response and the lethal dose response
- Dose-response curve - An S-shaped graph showing the increasing probability of a certain drug
effect as the dose level rises.
- Effective dose (ED)
o The minimal dose of a particular drug necessary to produce the intended drug effect in a
given percentage of the population
o
- Lethal Dose (LD)
o The minimal dose of a particular drug capable of producing death in a given percentage
of the population.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
What factors contribute to the likelihood of an adolescent using drugs: peer group, abuse (physical or emotional, low self esteem, boredom, too much money, mental health issues, media, drugs for enhancement (cognitive or things like steroids, sickness. Risk factors for drug taking behavior in adolescence include: a tendency toward nonconformity within society, the influence of drug using peers. These are the 2 main risk factors. Protective factors for drug taking behavior include: an intact home environment (parents still together and supportive, a positive educational experience, conventional peer relationships. New drugs will undoubtedly come on the scene; old drugs that are out of favor might regain popularity: different drugs become the (cid:498)popular(cid:499) drug. It was a serious concern bc of its popularity drugs. A serious concern in recent years has been the emergence of a group of drugs referred to as club. They include mdma (ecstasy), ghb, ketamine, rohypnol, methamphetamine, and lsd.
