Psychology 2035A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Sexual Fantasy, Unconscious Mind, Reality Principle
17 Dec 2016
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Psychology 2035 Lecture Two
• Prologue
o Defining personality
▪ Individual differences in traits and behaviour that are stable over
time and consistent across situations
• Where do theses table and consistent and individual differences come from?
o Important for understanding self and others
Part One: Origins of Personality
• Behavioural perspectives
o Pavlov
o Skinner
o Bandura
▪ Page 41-48
• Humanistic perspectives
o Rovers
o Maslow
▪ Page 49-53
• Biological perspectives
o Page 53-56
Freud’s Psychodyaic Perspective
• 33-39 in the textbook
o Freud is one of the most influential people in psychology
▪ He was never trained in psychology
• He was a medical doctor
o Specialization in neurology
▪ During his medical career he was coming
into contact ith people ith hsteria
• Unusual symptoms
o But no physical basis
▪ For example
• Glove anaesthesia/glove paralysis
o He discovered most were
women
▪ Nearly every patient
had sexual
experiences with an
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adult during their
childhood
o These sexual experiences could possibly explain the symptoms
▪ He ae to the olusio that the patiet’s earl seual
experiences did not happen
• Memories too inconsistent
o It as’t uoo for a patiet to first report
that she had an early sexual experience with a
brother or uncle
▪ Later she would say her father
• Patients reporting fantasies
• Freud also disoered he patiets ere eouraged to talk aout their earl
seual eperiees the hsteria suddel aished
o This ae to e ko as the talkig ure
▪ Why was this affective?
• Birth of modern day clinical psychology
The Topology of the Mind
• Freud made a differentiation between conscious and unconscious mind
o Conscious: everything we are aware of in a given moment
o The unconscious mind: also known as motivated
▪ Wished, desires, impulses that are beyond our conscious
awareness
• He thinks the unconscious mind is motivated
o Kept in unconscious because they are threatening
or upsetting
▪ Uaeptale seual or aggressie
content
• By probing the unconscious (with free association) he could make the
unconscious conscious (and cure his patients)
Three Structures of the Mind
• The ID
o A chaos
o Cauldron of excitations
▪ Entirely unconscious
• No contact with reality
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▪ Reflects instinctive needs
• Food
• Sex
o The basic instinct: EROS (Life Instinct)
▪ Instinct to survive and reproduce
▪ Eros produes pshi eerg
• He called this energy Libido
o Must be released
o Textbook calls this erotic
energy
o ID is entirely submerged in the unconscious
o ID operates according to the pleasure principle
▪ Seeks immediate gratification of its needs
o ID also engages in primary process thinking
▪ Fantasies that satisfy needs
• No difference between fantasy or reality
o Therefore
▪ If your immediate needs cannot be satisfied
your ID creates a fantasy
• The Ego
o Operates at both unconscious and conscious levels
▪ Extension of the ID
• Operates according to the reality principle
o Wants to satisfy ID, but is sensitive to demands of
the real world
▪ Willig to dela gratifiatio of ID’s eeds
o Engages in secondary process thinking
▪ Deelops realisti plas to satisf the ID’s eeds ad desires
• Cannot just impulsively have sex with someone
o Have to initiate some form of relationship
• Cannot just wish for food
o Have to develop realistic plans to obtain food
• Superego
o Moral component of a person
▪ Ideas about right and wrong
• Taught to us by parents and society
• Moral component of a person
o Like the ego
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