BI236 Lecture Notes - Fluid Mosaic Model, Cell Membrane, Lipid Bilayer
Document Summary
Cells and organelles: cell walls of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, plasma membrane and cytoplasm, movement of solutes across plasma membrane, endocytosis. Receptor mediated endocytosis: exocytosis, cell organelles, cell types, a prokaryotic cell. Plasmids: have extra chromosomal dna, circular, common in bacteria, antibiotic resistance(not necessary for the survival of the cell, but there are advantages). Certain bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen-symbiotic relationship- risobium ((bacteria)(legumes: beans, pea"s)), it can absorb the nitrogen in the environment then: an eukaryotic cell. Pinocytotic vesicles: wants to get rid of wastes, it secretes materials from the cell. Bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan(also called murin(is only found in bacteria): 2 different types of cell wall in bacteria. Gram-positive: thick cell wall containing many layers of peptidoglycan and teichoic acid (bacterial polysaccharide) Gram-negative: relatively thin cell wall consisting of few layers of peptidoglycan surrounding by second lipid membrane containing lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins. Water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, oxygen: carrier proteins transport some molecules.
