BIOL 3051 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Mucociliary Clearance, Mast Cell, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
20 Apr 2020
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Document Summary
Inflammatory cells can release peptidases, degrade vasoactive intestinal peptide exaggerated reflex to cholinergic bronchoconstriction: no cause smooth muscle relaxation in vasculature and bronchioles amplify inflammatory process. Pathophysiology of copd: patients with copd present with persistent inflammation of the small and large airways as well as the lung parenchyma. The inflammatory process persists long after the inciting stimulus (e. g. smoke) is withdrawn, differing from that of asthma. Chronic bronchitis - inflammation and damage to the large airways: there is an increase in size and number of goblet cells leading to increased mucus production and narrowing of the airways. Infiltration of inflammatory cells which mediate inflammation and cause remodelling: airway remodelling leads to thickened walls and narrowed airways, limits airflow. Emphysema - inflammation and damage to the air sacs (alveoli: alveoli enlargement with destruction of their walls reducing gas exchange surface area, reduced elasticity of lung; loss of airway support structures. Increased likelihood of airway collapse and resultant limitation to airflow.
