ECON 3580 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Aggregate Demand

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Borrowing and debt in low- and middle- income economies. Otherwise, the country cannot afford to pay those who want to remove their funds from the domestic economy. The domestic government may have no choice but to default on its sovereign debt (paid for with foreign funds) when it comes due and when investors are unwilling to reinvest. In general, a debt crisis can quickly magnify itself: it causes low income and high interest rates, which make government and private sector debts even harder to repay. High interest rates cause high interest payments for both the government and the private sector. Low income causes low tax revenue for the government. Low income makes loans made by private banks harder to repay: the default rate increases, which may cause bankruptcy. If the central bank tries to fix the exchange rate, a balance of payment crisis may result along with a debt crisis.

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