HUMA 1420 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Five Virtues, Night Soil, Taoism
Document Summary
China in the 18th century: the individual, society and state. Patrilineal : descent was traced through the male line, i. e. from father to son, over generate. Patriarchal : the family unit was formally led and formally represented by the senior male. Virilocal (or patrilocal) : wives generally married into their husbands" families, both physically and symbolically. Social ranks (hierarchy: scholar-officials - shi , peasants - nong , artisans - gong , merchants - shang . The four strata are classifications of the general populace only, whether elite or non-elite. Buddhist monks, daoist priests, nuns (out of the society) Manchu were legally superior to all other groups. Barred from trade or labour; hereditary military bannermen. Manchu women forbidden to have bound feet. Chinese bannerman who joined the manchu before 1644 were also legally privileged. Han chinese males were required to wear their hair in machu style the queue bianzi . Local norms of governance, rather than confucian-style bureaucracy.
