KINE 2011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Buttermilk, Plants And Animals, Cytosol

• School: York University
• Department: Kinesiology & Health Science
• Course: KINE 2011
• Professor: Ali Abdul Sater

Document Summary

2 mechanisms w/o oxygen: fermentations, anaerobic respiration. If nad+ levels are high, glycolysis will procced : 2 types of fermentation, lactate fermentation, alcohol fermentations. Lactate fermentation: found in bacteria, plants & animals. It causes sour taste in buttermilk: pyruvate is converted to into 3-carbon molecule called lactate, lactate fermentation occurs, ex: when, muscle cells call for more oxygen than blood circulating can supply lactate fermentation occurs. Alcohol fermentation: occurs in microorganisms like yeast (fungi)- helps bread rise, pyruvate is reduced to ethyl alcohol as co2 is released & nadh is oxidized to nad+ Anaerobic respiration where terminal acceptor in not oxygen: bacteria & archaea do not have mitochondria. They have etc in internal membrane: so(cid:373)e ha(cid:448)e etc that do(cid:374)"t (cid:396)e(cid:395)ui(cid:396)e o2 as fi(cid:374)al ele(cid:272)t(cid:396)o(cid:374) a(cid:272)(cid:272)epto(cid:396)- this is anaerobic respiration, instead of o2-, sulfate (so4. 2-), nitrate (no3-) & ferric ion (fe3+) are used electron acceptor. Unable to survive solely on: hu(cid:373)a(cid:374)s (cid:272)a(cid:374)"t su(cid:396)(cid:448)i(cid:448)e i(cid:374) lo(cid:449) o(cid:454)(cid:455)ge(cid:374) e(cid:374)(cid:448)i(cid:396)o(cid:374)(cid:373)e(cid:374)ts (cid:271)/t (cid:374)ot e(cid:374)ough.