PSYC 2510 Lecture Notes - Bounded Rationality, Laozi, Availability Heuristic
2 May 2013
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Early 20th century: psychoanalysis & unconsciousness, behaviourists & overt responses. Cognitive science 1956 mit conference: simon and newell problem solving, miller memory, chomsky new model of language. Phonemes smallest speech units: about 100 possible, english about 40. Morphemes smallest unit of meaning: root words, prefixes, suffixes (50,000 in english) Semantics meaning of objects & actions to which words & word combos refer. Syntax system of rules for arranging words into sentences: different rules for different languages. Initial vocalizations similar across languages: crying, cooing, babbling. 6 months: recognize their names & repetitive words, babbling sounds begin to resemble surrounding language. 1st year: 1st words similar cross-culturally, more receptive than expressive language. 18-24 months: naming explosion & fast mapping (1 trial, telegraphic speech. Speech which sounds like a telegram & often gets the message across. Only the main words of a sentence (nouns, verbs) are present; the small words (ifs, ands, buts,) are missing. Age 6: vocabulary between 8000 & 14,000 words.
