PHI 1500 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Divine Command Theory, Categorical Imperative, Rule Utilitarianism
Document Summary
Consequentialism (utility based)- the ends justify the means. Deontology (duty-based)- you must do the right thing, for the right reasons. Utilitarianism- always maximize pleasure/happiness and minimize pain/unhappiness for the relevant group of people with everyone counted equally except in so far as they produce more utility. Act utilitarianism: each action is to be judged. Rule utilitarianism: discover the rules and follow them that maximize utility. Categorical imperative: act according to the maxim that you treat others (and yourself) as ends, not merely means, will that your action should be a universal law, act as a legislating member of the kingdom of ends. Cannot undermine the basis of the rule itself. The soul has: pre, but not post existence - premortality, post, but not pre existence - immortality, neither pre, nor post existence - mortality, pre and post existence - eternity. Soul is: the animating principle that gives life to bodies which is derived from, consciousness and will.
