PHI 1500 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Subjective Idealism, Empiricism
Document Summary
Empiricism: nihil est in intellectu, quod non prius in sensu - st. thomas aquarius not an empiricist. There is nothing in the mind which was not first in the senses. The square of opposition: universal affirmative - all men are just, universal negative - no men are just, particular affirmative - some men are just, particular negative - some men are not just. Valid: a syllogism is valid if the logical structure is correct, irrespective of whether or not the premises are true in real life. Sound: if and only if it is valid and also true in real life. Distribution: when all members of a category are part of or excluded from, another category. If the conclusion is affirmative, but either premise is negative = invalid: exclusive premises: if both are neg = invalid. If the conclusion is negative, but premises are affirmative = invalid.
