HISTORY 7B Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Eleanor Roosevelt, Presbyterian Polity, Warsaw Pact
The Cold War
- 1945-1960s-70s
- Capitalism v Communism v US
- *** Decolonization
- Key: Decolonization happened during the Cold War, and the Cold War happened
during decolonization
- Collapse of European empires
- Messy -- internal struggles in these newly independent countries
- Cold War started as a division of the Soviets and America (Capitalism v Communism)
- Iron Curtain
● I. Collective Security
○ Question about how to prevent another war (WWI & WWII)
■ “Collective Security” -- created international institutions
○ A. United Nations
■ ‘United Nations’: meant to keep peace in the world
● General assembly: All countries are members
● Security Council: 5 permanent members from the great powers--
UK, China, France, US, Soviet Union
○ Could veto anything
● Eleanor Roosevelt was the first US ambassador (1946)
○ ‘Universal Declaration of Human Rights’ : All human
beings are born equal, freedom of speech, right to adequate
housing/healthcare/etc
○ No enforcement mechanism was enforced **
● Define the idea of international human rights
○ ‘War Crimes Trials’: individuals were held accountable for
their crimes against humanity -- held them responsible to
the world
○ B. Financial institutions
■ ‘World Bank’:
● Purpose: Mobilize capital to rebuild third world countries and
recover from WWII
■ ‘IMF’ :
● Purpose: Stabilize currency, restore international flow of money,
step in with loans when countries needed it
■ Soviet Union never joined these financial institutions
■ US led these institutions -- all of these institutions were established in the
United States
● II. Containment
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Document Summary
Key: decolonization happened during the cold war, and the cold war happened during decolonization. Messy -- internal struggles in these newly independent countries. Cold war started as a division of the soviets and america (capitalism v communism) Question about how to prevent another war (wwi & wwii) United nations": meant to keep peace in the world. Security council: 5 permanent members from the great powers-- Eleanor roosevelt was the first us ambassador (1946) Universal declaration of human rights" : all human beings are born equal, freedom of speech, right to adequate housing/healthcare/etc. Define the idea of international human rights. War crimes trials": individuals were held accountable for their crimes against humanity -- held them responsible to the world. Purpose: mobilize capital to rebuild third world countries and recover from wwii. Purpose: stabilize currency, restore international flow of money, step in with loans when countries needed it. Soviet union never joined these financial institutions.
