BIOL 118 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Ribozyme, Rna-Dependent Rna Polymerase, Maurice Wilkins
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3 components of a nucleotiede: a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base. In a nucleotide the phosphate is bound to the sugar molecule, which is bonded to the nitrogenous base. In ribonucleotides the sugar is ribose, and in deoxyribonucleotides the sugar is deoxyribose. These two sugars differ by a single oxygen atom. 2 groups of nitrogenous bases: pyrimidines: cytosine, uracil, thymine (cut, purines: adenine, guanine (ag) Phosphodiester linkage o(cid:272)(cid:272)u(cid:396)s (cid:271)et(cid:449)ee(cid:374) the phosphate g(cid:396)oup o(cid:374) the 5" (cid:272)a(cid:396)(cid:271)o(cid:374) of o(cid:374)e nucleotide and the -oh g(cid:396)oup o(cid:374) the (cid:1007)" (cid:272)a(cid:396)(cid:271)o(cid:374) of a(cid:374)othe(cid:396) 2 types of nucleotides involved: ribonucleotides contain ribose and form rna, deoxyribonucleotides contain the sugar deoxyribose and form dna. The sugar-phosphate backbone of a nucleic acid is directional (has polarity). One end has an u(cid:374)li(cid:374)ked 5" (cid:272)a(cid:396)(cid:271)o(cid:374) a(cid:374)d the othe(cid:396) has a(cid:374) u(cid:374)li(cid:374)ked (cid:1007)" (cid:272)a(cid:396)(cid:271)o(cid:374) The nucleic acids primary structure is the nucleotide sequence. It reflects the order the nucleotides are added to a growing molecule.