BIOL 118 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Glycosidic Bond, Polysaccharide, Glucosamine
18 Feb 2017
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Glucose + galactose= lactose (milk sugar: the monomers in polysaccharides can be identical or different, glycosidic linkages can form between any of the hydroxyl groups. So the location and geometry of these bonds vary widely: starch. A storage polysaccharide in plants: made of many -glucose monomers joined by glycosidic linkages. The glycosidic linkages cause the chain to form a helix. Starch branches between glycosidic linkages form between monomers or two strands: amylase- the unbranched form, amylopectin- the branched form, glycogen. Storage polysaccharide in animals: made of many -glucose monomers joined together by glycosidic linkages. Highly branched helices, branches about every 10 monomers: cellulose. The primary component of the plant cell wall. A polymer of -glucose linked by glycosidic linkages. The alternate flipping of glucose monomers: allows extensive hydrogen bonding between adjacent parallel strands, produce strong fibers for structural support, chitin. Found in the cell walls of fungi and algae: major component of insect and crustacean exoskeletons.
