CAS BI 108 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Alveolar Duct, Medulla Oblongata, Intrapleural Pressure
11 Nov 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Sound production: volume, pitch (number of vibrations): function of length of cords and tension, tone. Tongue, lips, palate - phonation and tonal quality. Secondary (lobar) bronchi = one to each lobe: 3 right lung, 2 left lung. Bronchioles = respiratory branches that lead to alveolar duct. Covered by serous membrane - pleural membranes: visceral pleura on lung surface, parietal pleura on thoracic wall, intra-pleural space = potential space only, mediastinum = separates left and right lungs. Each lobe is composed of lobules that contain: alveoli, blood vessels and connective tissue. Alveoli: 300 million, 70 m2 of surface area: single layer of squamous epithelium, plus single layer of squamous endothelium of capillaries, pulmonary surfactant (phospholipoproteins) made by cells of the alveoli. External intercostals = raise, rotate ribs, force sternum forward. Expiration - is passive and a function of recoil. Forced expiration - upward thrust of diaphragm caused by abdominal muscles, and internal intercostals depressing ribs.
