CAS BI 211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Neural Pathway, Quadriceps Femoris Muscle, Sensory Neuron

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10 Nov 2018

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Sensory receptors are specialized structures in the dendrites of neurons found within the pns, which receive various kinds of stimuli from both the internal and external environment. Exteroceptors which are located at the surface of the body and respond to stimuli from the external environment. Interoreceptors which are located in the internal organs and respond to uctuations in internal conditions. Photoreceptors which are exteroceptors located n the retina and respond to bright light or colors. Baroreceptors which are interoreceptors located in the heart and are sensitive to changes in blood pressure. Mechanoreceptors which are located on the cochlea (inner ear) and respond to uid displacement. Somatic mechanoreceptors are located in the skin and respond to touch and pressure stimuli. Chemoreceptors, which can also be chemoreceptors, processing taste and smell, or interoreceptors, important for ph homeostasis. Proprioreceptors are located in the muscles, tendons and joints and are a separate category and give information concerning movement and position.

Related Questions

Sensory systems

1.All sensory input arrives at the central nervous system in the same form, as ____________ propagated by afferent neurons. Perception of the type and intensity of a stimulus depends on which part of the brain the impulse projects to and the firing frequency the sensory neuron.

A.action potentials B.receptor potentials C.reflexes D.frequency localizations E.thresholds

2.The simplest sensory receptors are __________ that respond to mechanical distortion,changes in temperature, or specific chemicals.

A.nociceptors B.free nerve endings C.gated channels D.photoreceptors. E.ganglia

3.When membrane proteins on an olfactory neuron are stimulated by the binding of a specific chemical, what is the immediate result?

A.membrane depolarization B.membrane repolarization C.active ion transport D.membrane hyperpolarization E.neurotransmitter release

5.The lateral line system provides ________ with a sense of "distant touch," enabling these animals to sense objects that reflect pressure waves and low-frequency vibrations.

A.adult amphibians B.reptiles C.birds D.mammals E.fish

6.Which correctly represents the sequence of steps involved to convey sensory information to the CNS?

A.stimulation and ion flow through the synaptic cleft B.neurotransmitter release and interpretation
C.neurotransmitter release and ion flow through the synaptic cleft D.stimulation, transduction, transmission, and interpretation E.stimulation, transmission, and neurotransmitter release

7.Which of the following stimuli do vertebrates NOT have a specialized receptor for?

A.hearing B.taste C.smell D.humidity E.vision

8.Which of the following is NOT an example of a mechanoreceptor?

A.Meissner's corpuscles B.Ruffini endings C.Merkel cells D.red corpuscles E.Pacinian corpuscles

9.What are the receptors called that transmit impulses that are perceived by the brain as pain?
A. baroreceptors B. chemoreceptors C. nociceptors
D. thermoreceptors E. propioceptors

10. Which of the following do humans NOT have taste buds specialized to sense?

A. salty B. sour. C. sweet. D. vitamins E. bitter

1.All peripheral sensory input enters the spinal cord through the 2.Mechanoreceptor afferents are divided into two main classes based on(Points : 2) 3.Branches of SAI afferents terminate in ____________ where they are proposed to be the site of ____________ transduction.(Points : 2) 4.SAI afferents appear to be used by the CNS to perceive(Points : 2) 5.AII afferents have ________ receptive fields and greater sensitivity to ________ than do SAI afferents.(Points : 2) 6.Somatosensory afferents from the muscle are sensitive to ___________ while afferents from the tendon are sensitive to ___________.(Points : 2) 7.Kinesthesia is obtained by convergent afferents of the muscles, tendons, joints and___________8.Nociceptors respond to ________ stimuli and sense through use of ___________.(Points : 2) 9.First pain is transmitted through ______ receptors that carry discriminative information, and second pain is modulated by _______ receptors.(Points : 2) 10.Acute skin damage is accompanied by ____________ that is the result of local activation of nociceptors leading to ________.(Points : 2) 11.Somatic sensation retains separation of mechanosensation and __________ from nociception and ___________ which is evident from PNS to CNS.(Points : 2)12.The primary somatosensory cortex has ventral projections to(Points : 2) 13.The dorsal stream of the somatosensory cortex project to(Points : 2) 14.The dorsal column nuclei are located(Points : 2) 15.The lateral cervical nucleus is located in the ____________ and display ___________ receptive fields.(Points : 2) 16.Non-perceptual input of nociceptors influence behavior by(Points : 2)17. sensory trigeminal system is composed of the...18.The receptive fields of secondary somatosensory cortical neurons are ___________ than those of the primary somatosensory cortex.(Points : 2) 19.Receptive fields in the primary somatosensory cortex are(Points : 2)I really need help with this please! The person who is able to help me with the CORRECT answers will be compensated with 3000 points! This assignment will be graded instantly by a computer so I will know if the person actually tried or if they just put in some crazy answers just to get the points. The points will be rewarded IMMEDIATELY after the assignment is graded, which, as I stated above is done instantly by the computer once submitted. At least 75 to 80% of the questions must be correct in order to receice all 3000 points today. Thank you SO much in advance!!! :)

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11.Which sequence of events is required for the brain to interpret sound?
I. Vibration of the basilar membrane relative to the tectorial membrane causes cilia on hair cells to bend and triggers depolarization.

II. Hair cells stimulate the production of action potentials in sensory neurons that project to the brain.

III. Ganglion cell axons transmit action potentials to the occipital lobe.

A. II then I B.III then I then II. C.III then I D.I then II E.I then II then III

12. Which animal became numerous and widespread by using sonar to enable a high level activity in the dark?

A.bats B.whales C.owls D.dolphins E.shrews

13.In the vertebrate eye, what structure is light focused onto?

A.pupil B.lens C.retina D.sclera E.iris

14.Which is NOT a part of the vertebrate eye?

A. cornea B. retina C. iris D. cochlea E. pupil

15. In the vertebrate eye, what structure controls the amount of light that reaches the retina?
A. fovea. B. cornea. C. iris D. lens E. sclera

16.What are the short retinal photoreceptors responsible for color vision called?

A.rods B.cones C.bipolar cells. D.glial cells. E.ganglion cells

17. What sensory equipment is required for an animal to have binocular vision?

A.eyes located to the sides of the head B.forward-facing eyes C.a camera-type eye with multiple lenses

D. infrared vision E.ultraviolet vision

18. Choose the receptor that is NOT correctly matched with its function.

A.proprioceptor - monitors stretch of muscle fibers

B.baroreceptor - monitors hydrostatic pressure in blood vessels

C.nociceptor - transmits signals that the brain interprets as pain

D.chemoreceptor - perceives taste and smell stimuli

E.peripheral chemoreceptor - monitors the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

19. Where is the visual image in focus for a nearsighted individual?

A.behind the retina B.in front of the retina C.on the retina, but it appears blurred

D.at the lens, forming a shadow on the retina E.on the retina, but it is upside down

20. Since the optic nerve must pass through the retinal layer, we all have a blind spot devoid of light receptors. This normally goes unnoticed, since the brain attempts to compensate for missing sensory information by filling it in based on surrounding patterns. Which step of the sensory pathway is represented by perceptual filling-in of the physiological blind spot?

A. interpretation B. stimulus. C. transduction into receptor potential D.action potential transmission

CAS BI 211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Neural Pathway, Quadriceps Femoris Muscle, Sensory Neuron

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