SAR HS 396 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Recall Bias, Environmental Epidemiology, Observer-Expectancy Effect
9 Aug 2018
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Community trials: randomly assigned intervention to entire communities: usually analytic ecological studies. Case reports (descriptive only: detailed description of an individuals patient, usually rare or unusual conditions. Case series (descriptive only: extension of case reports that describes the characteristics of a group/cluster of individuals with the same disease or symptoms from environmental exposures. Does the study deal with environmental-related distribution or determinants of morbidity or mortality in human populations. If yes is there a stated or implied hypothesis about the association between environmental exposure and outcome if no descriptive studies. Cross sectional-exposure status then disease if yes analytic studies. Cross sectional- exposure and disease at the same time. Prevalence: existing: point prevalence (snapshot of proportion of disease that exist in defined populations) incidence: new cases incidence rate (number of new cases of a disease within a population of risk) Population health measures/indices: case fatality rate (rate which cases die from a given exposure within a specified period of time)
