GEOS 355 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: San Andreas Fault, Crystallization, Lithification
29 Aug 2016
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Document Summary
Volcanoes form on sea floor, may grow above sea level. Elements - 92 naturally occurring elements made up of atoms. Atoms - smallest unit of element that can combine w/ other elements in a chemical reaction. Atomic number - number of protons in a nucleus. Atomic mass - number of protons & neutrons in the nucleus. Isotopes - atoms of same element w/ different number of neutrons. Ions - atoms that gained or lost electrons and therefore are not electrically neutral. Cation - loss of electron ( + ) Anion - gain electron ( - ) Oxygen makes up of earth"s crust. Minerals too small to be seen by naked eye. Weathering - slow spontaneous transformation to stable states. Mechanical breakdown of rocks without changes in composition. Changes in composition of minerals occur because structures and charges of the ions are only stable for the conditions under which they formed sediment. Broken bits transported by water, wind, gravity, and ice.
