AVS-3700 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Citric Acid Cycle, Carboxylic Acid, Cellular Respiration
2 Nov 2016
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Document Summary
Calcitriol can also be converted from cholesterol in the body. Ergosterol the plant form of vitamin d: it is converted to ergocalciferol in the skin, will later become calciferol after passing through the liver and the kidneys. Most steroids are developed directly from cholesterol molecules. Vitamin d toxicity is not as big a problem as vitamin a toxicity because we cannot store as much vitamin d. Parathyroid hormone increases vitamin d3 and calcium and causes bone resorption. Calcitonin antagonizes the effects of parathyroid hormone. Osteomalacia = over time bone density decreases because we get less efficient at the use of calcium through the vitamin d mechanism: causes soft bones. Vitamin d toxicity is uncommon: stiff joints, muscle weakness because calcium is vital for muscle contraction, disorientation because calcium is involved in neurotransmitter releasing and accepting. Vitamins b2 and b3 are essential for fad and nad molecules, cellular respiration, and electron transfer. Biotin is essential for carboxyl group transfer.
