BMS 450 Lecture Notes - Diabetic Coma, Proinsulin, Polydipsia
Document Summary
Heart/cancer/stroke/diabetes together 1,484,000 deaths in usa, 2001; billion research. Pre-diabetic 101 125 mg/dl (50% risk of converting to diabetic) Cells produce pro-insulin (held together by disulfide bonds) Cleaved to form a (21 amino acids) and b (30 amino acids) chains. Type i (juvenile onset, iddm [insulin dependent diabetes mellitus]) Type ii (adult onset, niddm [non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus]) Glucose is not taken up by muscle, stays in blood (hyperglycemia) Dehydration, lowered blood pressure due to osmotic diuresis. Increased potassium loss (usually deposited together with glucose) Osmotic diuresis (can lose 20 l/day of fluids) Elevated polyols (form during high [glucose], includes fructose, sorbitol) Polyphagia eat a lot (absence of insulin, no anabolic effect) Absence of insulin amino acid and lipid effect. Retinopathy blood vessels grow in front of retina, causes blindness, occludes path of light. Rare in type ii (still have insulin production capability) Hypothermia (muscles produce heat muscle breakdown low activity less heat)