BMS 460 Lecture Notes - Afferent Arterioles, Nephron, Retinal Detachment
26 Apr 2014
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Document Summary
Aneurysms: localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel. False aneurysms or pseudo-aneurysms involve a breach in the arterial wall and the formation of an extravascular hematoma which may exhibit pulsations. Dissecting aneurysms which involves redirection of blood flow into the wall of the artery itself. Acquired: major causes are atherosclerosis (abdominal aorta especially and in smokers) and hypertension. Type a: involves the ascending aorta and/or aortic arch. Type b: involves the descending aorta or the arch. Occlusion of aortic branch vessels: carotid arteries (storke), coronary artery (mi), splanchnic arteries (organ infarction), renal arteries (acute renal failure), peripheral arteries (limb ischemia) Vasculitis which leads to vascular insufficiency and is characterized by segmental thrombus formation and acute and chronic inflammation of medium and small arteries primarily of the tibial and radial arteries. Found mainly in heavy smokers before 35 years of age. Correlation with smoking is likely related to toxic effect on endothelial cells or an immune response to toxins in smoke.
