BIOL 031 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Hair Cell, Otolith, Skeletal Muscle

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graycricket860

18 Sep 2020

School

College of The Sequoias

Department

Biology (BIOL)

Course

BIOL 031

Professor

Trimble

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Document Summary

Horizontal acceleration- maculae of utricle is in the horizontal plane, hairs bend when motion is forward/backward. Vertical accelaratoin- maculae of saccule is the vertical plane, hairs bend when motion is up/down. Semicircular canals- three bony hula-hoop extensions of vestibule in three different planes. Crista ampullaris- like maculae, contain hair cells that respond to flow of endolymph in canals: cupula- like otolith membrane, gelatinous cap into which hair cells project. Change in angular (rotational) acceleration- movement of the head in non-linear (circular or angular) direction is monitored by three canals. Vestibular nystagmus- movement of eyes to remain fixed on object when on merry go round . Activatedhair cells of crista ampularis afferent axon fibers (vestibulocochlear nerve) . Vestibular nuclei- also receive input from eyes and somatic proprioceptors, coordinates vestibular nuclear complex or cerebellum information to help control motion of eyes, neck, limbs. Cerebellum- also receives input from eyes and somatic proprioceptors, coordinates information to help regulate head position, posture, and balance.

Related Questions

The ____________ contains vertically arranged maculae that would provide feedback of body movement in the vertical plane.
The ____________ are stimulated during linear acceleration in the transverse plane.
An example of ____________ would include sitting in a wheeled chair and having someone push you from behind.
An example of ____________ would be sitting in a chair and having someone spin you in a circle.
Each of the ____________ is specially positioned to detect angular acceleration in one of the three planes.
When someone is standing still, the kinocilia of the macula sacculi are bending inferiorly and thus conveying information regarding one's ____________ .
The concept of ____________ can be exemplified by any acceleration, or change in velocity.

static equilibrium
dynamic equilibrium
macula utriculi
saccule
vestibule
semicircular canals
cochlea
crista ampularis
linear acceleration
utricle
otolithic membrane
angular acceleration
macula sacculi

ivoryraven299

The images of objects being closely examined fall on the

a. optic disk

b. fovea centralis

c. oraserrata

d. blind stop

e. sclera

The lateral geniculate body in the Thalamus probably interprets

a. color and depth perception

b. direction of orientation of lines and borders

c. the finer meaning of the image

d. contrast in images

Which one of the following is correct?

a. downward movement of the basilar membrane causes the hair cells to depolarize

b. high frequency sounds cause maximum movement of the basilar membrane near the base of the cochlea

c. the hairs of the sensory cells of the organ of corti are embedded in the basilar membrane

d. the amplitude of a sound wave decreases as it travels along the basilar membrane

Choose the false statement about the semicircular canals

a. they are located in the inner ear

b. they sense acceleration or changes in position

c. nerve impulses begun here are conveyed to the brain by the vestibular branch of the cranial nerve VII

d. there are 4 semicircular canals in each ear

e. each canal has an enlarged portion called an ampulla

Crista, macula, otholith, and spiral organ of corti are all structures located in the inner ear.

rosecrocodile221

1. Which of the following represents the most likely location of sensory receptors that monitor internal body temperature and serum osmolarity?

a. Carotid bodies

b. Hypothalamus

c. Solitary nucleus

d. Nucleus ambiguus

e. Anterolateral medulla

2. A reduction in activity in the fibers ascending in the lateral lemniscus to the inferior colliculus that would contribute to changes in peak IV of the auditory brain response (ABR) would not be related to damage to which of the following structures?

a. Anterior cochlear nucleus

b. Posterior cochlear nucleus

c. Medial superior olivary nucleus

d. Lateral superior olivary nucleus

e. Medial geniculate nucleus

3. The peripheral receptors of the vestibular system lie in five separate organs for each inner ear, including three semicircular canals and two otolith organs. The three semicircular canals are responsible for the transduction of what?

a. Linear accelerations of the head in the horizontal plane

b. Rotational head motion

c. Tilts of the head relative to gravity

d. Static head position

e. Up-down head motion aligned with gravity

4. The receptor cells of the vestibular system are termed hair cells. Signal transduction in the hair cell results from a cascade of several events. Initially, when movement occurs, stereocilia are deflected. For excitatory signal transduction in hair cells, which of the following series of events is correct?

a. The stereocilia are compressed toward the cell surface by acceleration forces, K+ channels in the stereocilia close, Ca2+ channels in the basolateral cell membrane close, and excitatory neurotransmitter is released

. b. The stereocilia are bent away from the kinocilium, K+ channels in the stereocilia close, Ca2+ channels in the basolateral cell membrane close, and excitatory neurotransmitter is released.

c. The stereocilia are rigid and do not move, endolymph motion forces the K+ channels in the stereocilia open, Ca2+ channels in the basolateral cell membrane close, and excitatory neurotransmitter is released.

d. The stereocilia are bent toward the kinocilium, K+ channels in the stereocilia open, Ca2+ channels in the basolateral cell membrane open, and excitatory neurotransmitter is released.

e. The stereocilia are bent perpendicular to the kinocilium, K+ channels in the stereocilia close, Ca2+ channels in the basolateral membrane open, and excitatory neurotransmitter is released.

5. Which of the following innervates the superior, medial and inferior rectus muscles of the eye and is a constrictor of the pupil?

a. Trochlear

b. Abducens

c. Oculomotor

d. Trigeminal

e. Facial

BIOL 031 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Hair Cell, Otolith, Skeletal Muscle

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