BIOL 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Toxoid, Antibody, Macrophage
23 Apr 2017
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Sterile tissues: blood, bone, cerebrospinal fluid, joint fluid, ex. knee, ankle, hip, wrist, ankle, internal organs, ex. kidneys, liver, muscles, lymph node, brain, heart, spleen, pancreas, ovary. Any microorganism can become virulent: microorganisms can change genetically and become virulent, can obtain virulent genes located on plasmid from another microbe through conjugation. Progression and outcomes of infection and disease: primary: occur in healthy bodies. The body is composed of portals: pathogens enter and leave the host through orifices on the body, pathoge(cid:374)s (cid:272)a(cid:374) spread through , coughing/sneezing, removal of blood, exposure of open lesions, use of needles, urine, insect bites, feces. Successful invasion requires virulence factor: virulence factor: a structure or molecule that gives the bacteria the ability to evade detection and cause disease in the host, examples, enzymes, adhesions molecules. 4: secreted sugars, not a biofilm; biofilms are not virulence factors, secreted or released toxins. 5: endotoxins: released upon disintegration of gram-negative cells contained in outer membrane.
