PSY 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Reinforcement, Motivation, Aspirin
Document Summary
Social reinforcers (not in book) blend of primary and secondary reinforcers; have a naturally reinforcing property which becomes stronger when paired w/ primary ones (smiles attention praise) most often used. Positive reinforcement: p resenting a stimulus after response, which increases likelihood of response (praise ice cream bonus) Negative reinforcement: removing stimulus after response which increases likelihood of response (headache removed after taking an aspirin: negative does not mean bad; just means remove. Side effects of reinforcement: bribery- reinforcement viewed as form of control resentment, greed- wants reinforcers for regular behaviors, undermining intrinsic motivation (aversive to control, something they already enjoy. Bottom line reinforcement that encourages competency vs. obedience is more effective. Shaping: reinforcement delivered for successive approximations of desired response: small steps, effective reinforcement, heavy early reinforcement, reinforce less and less, incorporate harder steps. Interval (time) is fixed. (exam every two weeks) b: variable interval (vi, reinforcement occurs unpredictably; amount of time canges each occurrence, # is on average b.
