POLS 155 Lecture 9: Chapter 10and 9 journal
3 Jul 2018
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Chapter 8 and 9 journal
Today’s journal will be about the characters and features of bureaucracy and the outline
organization. I will also be described power struggles between political appointees and
professional bureaucrats. The bureaucracy is an organization characterized by hierarchical
structure, worker specialization with explicit rules, and advancement by merit. The Hierarchy
clear chain of command and responsibility, specialization the tasks divided by expertise. The
explicit rules rather than preferences and govern decisions have standardization. The reason why
the Bureaucracy is necessary is because of large tasks figures organization and specialization.
The principle that bureaucrat employees should be answerable for their performance to
supervisors, all the way up the chain of command. According to the goal neutral competence, we
try to achieve fairness and predictability by insisting that the bureaucrats do their work according
to certain rules. The organization of the federal Bureaucracy has four type of organizations
which are the cabinet level department, independent agencies, regulator boards and commissions
and finally government corporations. Roles of the federal Bureaucracy would be the
administrator which implements laws passed by the congress. Bureaucracy as rule maker, the
congress relies on bureaucratic discretion to fill in details about other wire vague politics. The
federal Bureaucrats are not all bureaucratic positions are equal, and playmaking is done primary
at the highest levels, and the upper grades are staffed. Appointed power, the president appoints
heads and next layers of department budget proposal, the OMG can cut a departments budget.
The president con veto agency funding and the government reorganized the combining agencies.
The president has the power of the persuasion over the bureaucracy.
Something else I would be talking would be the role that law plays in democratic society
and the outline the institutional rules and political influences. The role of law in democratic
societies will provide security, provides predictability and resolve conflict. The American
tradition would be the civil law tradition which is a legal system based on detailed
comprehensive legal code, usually created by the legislate. The common law tradition is a legal
system on accumulated ruling of judges over the time applied uniformly, judge made by law.
There are different kinds of laws as well a substantive law which laws whose content, or
substance, defines what we can or cannot do. Procedural law the laws that establish how laws are
applied and enforced, and how legal processing takes place. Criminal laws, which are laws that
prohibit behaviors the government has determined to be harmful to society, violation of a
criminal law is called a crime. The civil law regulating interactions between individuals violation
of a civil law is called tort. The least dangerous branch would be the federalist 78 because the
Hamilton argues that the judiciary was the least dangerous branch. To understand the
jurisdiction, the courts with original jurisdiction, the U.S district courts, and state trial courts.
Courts with appellate jurisdiction has U.S courts of appeals, state intermediate appellate courts,
and state supreme courts. Court with both original and appellate jurisdiction with the U.S
supreme court. The state courts structure is the same trial courts, appellate level courts, and state
supreme courts. Structure U.S court system, the federal court system has three level which are
the federal district courts, circuit courts of appeal and the U.S supreme court. The U.S district are
the lowest level of federal court system, 94 district courts each state has at least one, and hear
both criminal and civil cases. Juries responsibilities for verdict. The Unites States of appeal
arranged into 12 circuits and solely appellate jurisdiction. No new evidence or witness, Panel of
three judges makes ruling, not jury. The supreme court have member that are selected with
specific criterial which are Merit, Political ideology, rewards, representation and confirmed by
