GEOL 1010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Orogeny, Structural Geology, Overburden Pressure
28 Oct 2016
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Document Summary
Mountain building: mts. provide vivid evidence of tectonic activity, manifestations of geological processes. Structural geology is the study of rock deformation. Geological structures: joints, folds, faults, foliation. Jointing (break in the rock where rock hasn"t moved) Foliation (alignment of minerals due to stress) Sedimentation: constructive processes build mountains up, destructive processes tear them back down, mountain building process called orogenesis (orogeny, most often found near plate boundaries, occur in elongated, linear belts. If not found @ plate boundary, geologists find very interesting: strain=deformation=change in shape, lengthening, shortening, stress=force per unit area, push, pull. Deformation types/ strain types: ductile - bends, doesn"t break, brittle - breaks, snaps, usually have both because of different rock material in the layers, factors affecting rock deformation. Pressure: (confining pressure, pressure on all sides) If at low pressure, deforms in brittle manner. If at high pressure, deforms in ductiles manner. Slow rates (fast time, fatigue) - ductile: example: silly putty and pulling it apart.
