BIO 122 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Endomembrane System, That Ras Club, Oncogene
Week 6 Class 2 – Chapter 12 – Cell Cycle
Know
• That prokaryotes divide by binary fission
• That eukaryotes have more regulated and complicated control over decision to divide
• The difference between un-replicated chromosome, a replicated chromosome, & sister chromatids
o Un-replicated chromosome
▪ One copy of each gene
o Replicated chromosome
▪ 2 copies of gene
o Sister chromatids
▪ One chromosome
▪ 2 copies of gene
• What a centromere is and what the kinetochore is
o Centromere
▪ Connect sister chromatids
o Kinetochore
▪ Where microtubules attach
• What the cell cycle refers to
o G0
▪ Where mature cells leave cell cycle
o G1
▪ Checkpoint passed if
• Dna undamaged
• Cell size sufficient
• Enough nutrients
o G2
▪ Checkpoint passed it
• Dna undamaged
• Activated mpf present
• Dna replicated
o S
▪ Dna replicated
o M
▪ Checkpoint passed if
• Mpf absent
• Chromosomes separated
• What the steps of mitosis are
o What happens in each stage in regard to chromosomes (placement, condensation, chromatids/sister
chromatids), centrosomes, nuclear envelope
o That there are cellular checkpoints that the cell assesses ability to divide
• That the restriction point is the G1-S checkpoint and this can be controlled by growth factors released by
other cells
• That cyclins and CDKs work together to control cell cycle progression
• What MPF is
o Mitosis promoting factor
o Cdk and cyclin
• What cohesion is
o Protein working to keep chromatids together
• The difference between polar, astral, and kinetochore microtubules
o Polar
▪ Keep poles in position
o Astral
▪ Keep position in cell
o Kinetochore
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